It tested the hypothesis that combined treatment with serial casting and botulinum toxin type A (BTX) was more effective than serial casting alone in reducing ITW gait. The single study from which we extracted data had 47 participants and was a randomised, controlled, parallel‐group trial conducted in Sweden. One study did not report data within the appropriate follow‐up timeframe and data from two studies were insufficient for analysis. This review also aims to highlight any deficits in the current research base.įour studies, comprising 104 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Many of the treatments employed have financial implications for parents or healthcare services. It may also assist families when deciding on treatment options for their children with ITW. The conclusions of this review may support decision making by clinicians caring for children with ITW. This systematic review is needed to evaluate the evidence for any intervention for the treatment of ITW. Older children who continue toe walking and present with limitations in ankle dorsiflexion are sometimes treated with surgical procedures. Young children and children without a limitation in ankle dorsiflexion (the upwards movement of the foot towards the shin of the leg) are commonly treated with conservative interventions. The literature discusses conservative and surgical interventions using a variety of treatment modalities. Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is an exclusionary diagnosis given to healthy children who persist in walking on their toes after they should typically have achieved a heel‐toe gait.
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